By: Holly Nguyen
When considering factors influencing our health, climate change is often overlooked by many. However, unequivocally, climate change significantly affects human health both directly and indirectly, with varying risks and effects across the nation- different groups do not experience the same severity of harm or equal levels of risks.1,2
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences states that extreme heat waves, rising sea levels, changes in precipitation levels resulting in floods and droughts, and hurricanes can directly inflict injury, illness, and even death on a population.1 Indirectly, climate change has the potential to irreversibly alter our living environment, making it challenging to return to normal conditions.1 For instance, heightened air pollution levels can increase the risk and severity of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.1 Drastic changes in temperature and rainfall can contribute to the evolution of infectious diseases.1,3 Surges in rainfall, storms, and sea temperature can lead to increased susceptibility to waterborne diseases.1,3 Contamination poses concerns for food safety, leading to foodborne illnesses.1,3 Mental health and well-being can also deteriorate from the burdens of climate change.1,3 In essence, all aspects of health are affected by climate change.1
Although everyone in a particular area experiences the same climate occurrences, the consequent harmful risks and effects are disproportionately felt by low socioeconomic groups.2,3 These groups are more vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change due to social and economic factors.2,3 Such factors can impair people’s ability to prepare for natural disasters and cope with the aftermath.2 In terms of susceptibility, numerous characteristics surrounding these groups explain why they may be at greater risk:
- They may reside in areas susceptible to health risks associated with climate conditions, such as flooding, intense heat, and air pollution.2
- A significant portion of the population is affected by pre-existing medical conditions, such as heart disease, which can be exacerbated by the adverse effects of climate change.2
- The infrastructure in their vicinity, regardless of whether they live in urban or rural areas, is deteriorating and ill-equipped to accommodate residents or withstand severe weather events. This not only applies to residential structures but also transportation and health care systems. Within these communities, some individuals may face challenges in accessing essential resources and care during and after extreme weather events.2
- Limited financial means or obstacles related to cultural, language, or citizenship might impede their ability to access health care, social services, and nourishing food.2
Therefore, to address these health disparities, public health initiatives must encompass vulnerability assessments and the identification of vulnerable populations.4
Below are several actions you can pursue to promote environmental justice and equity:
- Engage in local initiatives by connecting with local, state, and regional leaders and consider joining an advisory board or neighborhood council.2
- Explore funding opportunities and assist your community in applying for grants to back local environment or public health projects.2
- Support your neighbors in times of need. Whenever feasible, assist on another in transportation, healthcare, shelter, and information. If you are bilingual, consider translating news alerts to aid individuals in preparing for extreme weather events.
- Familiarize yourself with your community.2
- Enhance your residence by addressing air leaks to regulate temperature and reduce energy expenses. For more information, contact your local utility or housing authority.2
- Stay updated on air quality.2
- Plant trees and community gardens, as green spaces contribute to cooling the atmosphere.2
References
1. Human Health Impacts of Climate Change. November 22. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/climatechange/health_impacts
2. Climate Change and the Health of Socially Vulnerable People. December 27. https://www.epa.gov/climateimpacts/climate-change-and-health-socially-vulnerable-people#do
3. Climate Change. October 12. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health#:~:text=Climate%20change%20is%20impacting%20health,diseases%2C%20and%20mental%20health%20issues.
4. Frumkin H, Hess J, Luber G, Malilay J, McGeehin M. Climate change: the public health response. Am J Public Health. Mar 2008;98(3):435-45. doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.119362
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